September 1942
 
 
 
The anti-fascist opposition consists of four groups:
 
    
 
 
 I Politicians (former Secretaries of State, Members of Parliament, Senators; a) Liberals;   
b) Popolari (Christian Democrats); c) Social reformers (like Bonomi, former President of Cabinet   
Council; d) Socialists.
 
    
 
 
 II Generals, like Badoglio, Caviglia.
 
    
 
 
 III Writers, professors, members of liberal or Catholic aristocracy, like Prince Doria-  
Panfili; Duca T. Gallarati Scotti, Conte Visconti Venesta, Conte Iacini Stefano, Conte Casati,   
Alberto Albertini, B. Croce, De Ruggets, Calogero, Parri, Calamandrei; Carneluti, Salvatorelli,   
Brecchi, Galletti, La Pira. Some of these are in prison, like Calogero and Parri.
 
    
 
 
 IV Communists. It is very difficult to estimate the real forces of the Communist Party;   
their chiefs and organizers are confined on the island of Ventotene, near Ponza (population,   
about 2,000), whence they keep in touch secretly with their partisans. Many infiltrations are   
noted in the war factories.
 
    
 
 
 After the breakdown of fascism, the constitution of a stable Government, based on the   
solidarity of I a,b,c and perhaps d, II and III with the cooperation of the American emigrants   
(like Sforza and Sturzo) is possible, on condition that this Government is able to save money   
and to preserve Italy from essential mutilations. Such a Government will certainly find the   
support of the members of the very strong Catholic Associations, of the Liberal intellectual   
youth, of the bureaucracy and of many business men. However, the manifestation of Montivedeo and   
the nomination of Pacciardi to be Chief of the Italian Legion (Pacciardi was already a member of   
the Partits Repubblicano Italians) caused in the quarters of the opposition some perplexity. The   
politicians sub I and III are not all and not unconditionally for the monarchy, but many consider   
an intervention of the dynasty would facilitate the solution of the crisis (traditions of the   
carabinieri) and avoid the advent of Communists. Every effort must be made - they say- to win   
over the Prince and it is reported that the Princess Mary seeks to get into contact with the   
aristocrats of the opposition.