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                      2.
     A Few Examples of the Repercussions Caused 
           By Separating Workers from Certain
               Industrial Branches.
 
 
     In the branches of industry of most importance in
 
the war effort, that is, in the mining, iron, metal and
 
machine industries, the shifting of workers was greater
 
than the average for the whole industry.
 
     In the branches of industry important to the war
 
effort over 75 percent of the employees are engaged in
 
the manufacture of arms and ammunition. Making a further
 
shift in these industries in favor of the defense forces,
 
in accordance with the contracts that must now be executed,
 
there will be by the end of March 1941 about 80 percent of
 
all workers employed in defense activity.
 
       It is important to make a few explanations with regard 
 
to those workers employed in other industries. Generally,
 
these other industries are identified as those engaged in
 
manufacturing for needs of the civil population and in
 
this connection the idea creeps in that the needs of the
 
civil population in war are more or less superfluous.
 
It will be seen that the needs of the civil population
 
are closely connected with a considerable number of pro-
 
duction sectors essential in war and indispensible.
 
There is, first of all, the necessity of maintaining the
 
                              essential