COPY                            
 
                                                                          /  
                                                            
 
(Memorandum from Count Dalla Torre, director of the  
            0sservatore Romano, Vatican City. )             
 
                                                            
 
    The anti-fascist opposition consists of four groups:    
 
                                                            
 
 
I Politicians (former Secretaries of State, Members of Parliament,   
Senators; a) Liberals; b) Popolari (Christian Democrats); c)   
Social reformers (like Bonomi, former President of Cabinet Council;   
                       d)Socialists.                        
 
                                                            
 
 
          II Generals, like Badogl. io, Caviglia.           
 
                                                            
 
 
III Writers, professors, members of liberal or Catholic aristocracy, like   
Prince Doria-Panfili; Duca T. Gallarati Scotti, Conte Visconti Venesta,   
Conte Iacini Stefano, Conte Casati, Alberto Albertini, B. Croce, De Ruggero,  
Calogero, Parri, Calamandrei, Carneluti, Salvatorelli, Brecchi, Galletti,  
a Pira. Some of these are in prison, like Calogero and Parri
 
                                                            
 
 
IV Communists. It is very difficult to estimate the real forces of the   
Communist Party; their chiefs and organizers are confined on the island of   
Ventotene, near Ponza (population, about 2,000), whence they keep in touch   
secretly with their partisans. Many infiltrations are noted in the war   
                         factories.                         
 
                                                            
 
 
 After the breakdown of fascism, the constitution of a stable Government,   
based on the solidarity of I a,b,c and perhaps d, II and Ill with the   
cooperation of the American emigrants (like Sforza and Sturzo) is possible,   
on condition that this Government is able to save money and to preserve   
Italy from essential mutilations. Such a Government will certainly find   
the support of the members of the very strong Catholic Associations, of   
the Liberal intellectual youth, of   
                            the