-2-                             
 
                                                            
 
 
transportation, customs arrangements, trade practices, monetary   
arrangements, etc. etc. We found ourselves in a maze of difficulties which   
led us to move toward the Briand and similar projects involving Europe as   
a whole ( including Germany). }Many of us have found difficulty in   
implementing this plan, at least in the earlier period of occupation, for   
military occupation must be of considerable duration in order to effect   
necessary disarmament, etc. etc., the creation of a new and dependable   
government- so that I would say an European Commonwealth could only be   
born in the third period or in the latter part of the second - the first   
being war with unconditional surrender; the second the exercise of an   
unqualified authority over Germany with an effective military Government,   
the destruction of the Socialist Party and all elements of autarchy,   
disarmement and demobilization of the military machine and Germany's war   
potential, the institution of a program of restitution and reparation,   
beginning of economic  reconstruction, and to assist in creating a durable     .  
                    political structure.                    
 
                                                            
 
 
 The third step, as I see it, and we are beginning really too late   
to prepare for it - is the creation of an international organization to   
proserve peace. I go much further than you in this field. If such an   
organization is effective, it can control Germany without the need for   
partition. I worked a long time on the territorial lines to be drawn in   
partitioning Germany. (Mr. Welles has made some in his book - "The Time   
for Decision" - Harper's recently published). I was never  
satisfied with my own thinking on this feature. Your review of past   
experience with the League is interesting and of course accurate. Several   
s in the chain of events of those days stand out in clear re
 
                                                            
 
 
    I. The League was powerless to enforce its decisions, for no   
          provision was made for real enforcement.          
 
                                                            
 
 
II. Britain and France were not alive to their  
danger - or if they were, their failure to act in the  
         earliest days was the grossest negligence.         
 
                                                            
 
 
 Some of us who visited Europe every year knew of  
the danger and marveled that nothing was being done.  
                            With