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         In the United Kingdom this demand led to great 
 
increases in national expenditure on social services,  
 
a process which cannot be reversed. War time experience will 
 
bring home to the general public the urgent need for 
 
improvements in the conditions under which a considerable 
 
proportion of the working classes live.
 
     In France the movement occurred later but led 
 
to the establishment of the Popular Front and to a 
 
perilously divided country.
 
     In the U.S.A. the popular movement was the 
 
result of the great depression and led to the New Deal 
 
and to the policies in favour of the "forgotten man" 
 
initiated by President Roosevelt.
 
     The Nazi threat has temporarily overshadowed 
 
class differences in both the United Kingdom and in France 
 
but if recent history is any guide, there will be an
 
intensification of the demand for greater social equity
 
once the war is over.
 
     So far as Central and Eastern European countries
 
are concerned, the danger of the spread of communism can
 
only be met by ensuring greater prosperity and a more
 
equitable sharing of its fruit.
 
     The economic situation in the United Kingdom,
 
France, Germany and indeed in the Dominions and even in
 
U.S.A. will be dominated by the need to change over from
 
war time production.
 
               If widespread unemployment and a business 
recession of the deepest gravity is to be avoided, then 
large scale plane for peace time activities will be 
needed. This will mean rehousing on a heroic scale and 
deliberate policies to raise the standards of living of 
the poorer classes.
 
     Probably the greatest contribution to world 
 
recovery will be through a freeing of the channels of 
 
international trade from the many additional barriers 
 
created during the last twelve years.
 
               Although the policies of Mr. Cordell Hull have 
commanded the widest attention and achieved some measure 
of success, it remains true that in most countries the 
pressure of sectional interests has rendered almost 
nugatory all efforts in this direction.
 
                                                            If