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Second
: In its international aspect, and in so far 
      as it especially concerns Italy, there are no longer any grounds 
      for failing to realise that Italy finds herself now in the impossibility 
      of securing by her intervention the aims which she has thereby 
      pursued. Things have gone too far for Italy ever to succeed in 
      disposing of Spain as another element in her political game, 
      by establishing a government of the dictatorial-fascist type 
      which would be fixed in her orbit of international policy. This 
      result could not have been obtained except by ensuring an absolute 
      and complete domination of the country. Now in the present circumstances 
      not even a military victory for the rebels could ensure to Italy 
      that absolute and complete domination of the country which is 
      indispensable to her own plan. Among other reasons, because this 
      military victory could only be obtained through an enormous intensification 
      of Italian intervention itself, which would proportionately increase 
      the serious internal difficulties, which it produces among the 
      Spanish population in the territory, held by the rebels. Supposing 
      a military victory for the rebels, it would, in practice, be 
      transformed into a chronic state of popular discontent and agitation, 
      which would force Italy, for reasons of prestige and even against 
      her own wish, to maintain and constantly intensify her military 
      intervention in Spain. In short, by this road and in the most 
      favourable conditions which can be supposed for Italian policy, 
      Spain would be an item inscribed not in the "active" 
      but in the "passive" account of Italy's international 
      policy. And on this question an immense error with the most serious 
      consequences is committed by anyone who does not succeed in estimating, 
      at their true value, the material possibilities, present and 
      future, of the Republic, and the unshakeable determination of 
      the Spanish people in defence of their political independence.