-2-                             
 
                                                            
 
 
tried out many plans for unified transportation, customs arrangements,   
trade practices, monetary arrangements, etc. etc. We found ourselves in a   
maze of difficulties which led us to move toward the Briand and similar   
projects involving Europe as a whole ( including Germany). }Many of us   
have found difficulty in implementing this plan, at least in the earlier   
period of occupation, for military occupation must be of considerable   
duration in order to effect necessary disarmament, etc. etc., the creation   
of a new and dependable government- so that I would say an European   
Commonwealth could only be born in the third period or in the latter part   
of the second - the first being war with unconditional surrender; the   
second the exercise of an unqualified authority over Germany with an   
effective military Government, the destruction of the Socialist Party and   
all elements of autarchy, disarmement and demobilization of the military   
machine and Germany's war potential, the institution of a program of   
restitution and reparation, beginning of economic  reconstruction, and to   
     assist in creating a durable political structure.      
 
                                                            
 
 
The third step, as I see it, and we are beginning really too late   
to prepare for it - is the creation of an international organization to   
proserve peace. I go much further than you in this field. If such an   
organization is effective, it can control Germany without the need for   
partition. I worked a long time on the territorial lines to be drawn in   
partitioning Germany. (Mr. Welles has made some in his book - "The Time   
for Decision" - Harper's recently published). I was never  
satisfied with my own thinking on this feature. Your review of past   
experience with the League is interesting and of course accurate. Several   
s in the chain of events of those days stand out in clear re
 
                                                            
 
 I. The League was powerless to enforce its decisions, for no   
provision was made for real enforcement.  
                                                            
 
II. Britain and France were not alive to their  
danger - or if they were, their failure to act in the  
earliest days was the grossest negligence.  
                                                            
 
 
 Some of us who visited Europe every year knew of  
the danger and marveled that nothing was being done.  
With the USA outside the Leauge, there was all the more reason why   
Britain, Farance and the European countries should have protected   
themselves before it was almost "too late". But tat is "old Stuff", so   
                         to speak.                          
 
                                                            
 
 
I am a firm bbeliever in an international organization "with teeth"- real  
                          "teeth".                          
 
                                                            
 
 
I believe the plan we developed in the State Department which is   
                           being